crossing over (2 minutes)
comparison (7 minutes)
comparison (7 minutes)
simpliest version (3 minutes)
Quiz:
1. What is the evolutionary advantage for a population adapting to a niche provided by crossing over?
2. Name four differences between mitosis and meiosis.
We have four repeating videos on meiosis.
This is a super hard topic to understand, but it is important, and it is also likely to turn up on test after test. So we are splitting this chapter into tiny slices. We did mitosis. Now we do meiosis. Then we will compare them.
video (9 minutes)
video (5 minutes)
video (2 minutes)
video (10 minutes)
video (5 minutes)
Then for the quiz, copy this page.
somatic cells (2 minutes), video during mitosis, fantastic
somatic cells (10)
karyotype (10 minutes?)
homologous and sister chromosomes (3 minutes)
another homologous and sister (4 minutes)
autosomes (5 minutes)
X and Y chromosomes (3 minutes)
Quiz:
Define:
1. DNA
2. gene
3. chromosome
4. chromatid
Match words with definition
5. somatic cell
6. gamete
7. karyotype
8. autosome
9. homologous chromosomes
10. sister chromatid
11. X and Y chromosomes
a. the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
b. Two identical copies of a single replicated chromosome that are connected by a centromere.
c. Two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes, one from each parental source. In simpler terms, both of your parents provide a complete genome. Each parent provides the same 23 chromosomes, which encode the same genes.
d. sex chromosomes
e. any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
f. a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
g. any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
We're going to take this piece by piece.
First, review the chart on mitosis. Remember that mitosis is when cells replicate into exact copies for growth and repair. When your skin cells make more skin cells to replace the ones that die and fall off, or when fetal liver cells make more liver cells as the liver gets bigger, that sort of thing.
Now we move to reproduction, where an organism (or two organisms) make new organisms. This might be asexual, just one organism making a new organism that will be the same as itself (but with variation, it gets complex) or it might be sexual, where two organisms contribute genetic material to the new organism to make a unique DNA code for a unique new individual.
Nice, straightforward video (2 minutes)
What is a gene (5 minutes)
Quick preview about genes (2 minutes)
examples of asexual reproduction (8 minutes)
more on asexual reproduction (6 minutes)
what is a chromosome (6 minutes)
Quiz:
Match the term with the definition:
1. DNA
2. gene
3. chromosome
4. chromatid
a. a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
b. deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
c. (in technical use) a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize.
d. each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
5. Write a short paragraph describing asexual reproduction.
Find a few charts to use as guides, including the one from yesterday, and make your own illustrated 3 domain and/or 5 kingdom chart.
Will cover this, but I find it currently too reactive (just my point of view) and too much defensive language in the text, so will be briefer on this. You might add to this if you feel the topic is fleshed out enough to discuss in more detail.
Miller-Urey experiment (7 minutes)
protobionts (1 minute)
give this one a try -- so many videos on this topic are preachy, hard to find a good one with just science info
(5 minutes)
Then taxonomis, families, etc.
Five kingdom (10 minutes)
cladograms (7 minutes)
five kingdoms, old video (3 minutes)
three domains (7 minutes)
Quiz -- copy this clearly, we will do more tomorrow
extra video (4 minutes)
life evolution (5 minutes)
archaea (4 minutes)
stromatolites (3 minutes)
oxygen (5 minutes)
more on oxygen (6 minutes)
endosymbiotic theory (11 minutes)
cambrian explosion (12 minutes)
for your quiz, create a simple version of this chart.
Mitosis, meiosis, and genetics can get very confusing; when you add protein synthesis with RNA it gets very complicated. Basically you have a lot of the different ways DNA can be used (with mitosis, replicating to supply a new cell; with meiosis, dividing and combining; with protein synthesis, reading with RNA).
I feel like it would be best to separate the topics. So I'm going to skip from chapter 12, mitosis, out of microbiology and to the different forms of life. After each section I'll go back and fill in something with genetics and reproduction, and protein synthesis.
Obviously if anyone is using this blog you can just find and use the links for the chapters in order if you'd like.
Today's work is easy for me -- start off with this interactive timeline of life on Earth, clicking on each link and watching each video. Don't forget to click the arrow on top to progress on the timeline, at one point it expands because the time intervals change drastically.
Cell cycle (6 minutes)
Neural academy on cell cycle (8 minutes)
Amoeba sisters cell cycle and more (10 minutes)
Chromosomes, etc. (5 minutes)
binary fission (4 minutes)
binary fission (1 minute, about)
cell cycle control (5 minutes)
This is a lot of repeat, but you really should bang it into your head, this is the kind of stuff on all the tests
mitosis, good visuals (5 minutes)
mitosis (11 minutes)
mitosis, Bozeman (11 minutes)
amoeba (9 minutes)
Cell signaling (9 minutes)
signal transduction (2.5 minutes)
paracrine signaling, local (2 minutes)
synaptic signaling, local (2 minutes)
hormones (6 minutes) long distance
receptors and ligands (3 minutes)
bacterial communication (7 minutes)
bacterial communication (3 minutes)
bacterial communication (3 minutes)
Cell signaling quiz video -- watch twice, each time mark how many you got right and turn in. (12 minutes)
respiration vs. fermentation, nicely complete, well done
NAD+ and NADH, kind of technical
Amoeba Sisters on cellular respiration, pretty complex
For quizzes, watch these four and answer the questions:
Campbell-Reece is organized from small to big, which is fine, but we'll never get to prairie dog colonies if we don't punch it up a bit so we're going to do more of a survey and less detail for a bit.
Heavy on the amoebas this time!
Fluid mosaic, phospholipid bilayer, proteins
amoeba sisters on enzymes
bozeman on enzymes
dave, different info in parts -- probably should watch first
extra info, more than you need, but well presented
more extra, interesting
excellent on feedback inhibition
Much of this section is covered in physics, if your student has not done physics or needs a reminder you should add links from these pages on those topics.
energy and chemical reactions, coupling
endergonic and exergonic and enzymes
these two links above are pretty detailed and long
quick energy, work from bozeman
this is getting ahead, but a decent one
Study table 5:1 from page 72 in the textbook, be ready for it on the quiz
play foldit
Carbon, from one of the best video series on the internet
functional groups (quiz will expect you to know the groups and which compounds are formed using them)
functional group chart from Campbell
finches, absolutely brilliant
scientific method (hard to avoid a lot of Bozeman, it's really about the best info on YouTube for this stuff, but I try not to include it every time).
After watching videos from yesterday, answer these questions today (I email the quiz to the students and have them email answers, up to you whether you want them to take it as "open book", generally meaning they can Google the answers, or you expect an honors system of answering from memory). We have the Campbell Reece book, so my kids can use that, if they'd like.